Can a tuned Yagi be used as feed on a dish?

A tuned Yagi can be used as the feed for a parabolic dish, including at 1420 MHz, but it is usually not the best choice.

The important point is that the Yagi is not being used in its normal role as a high-gain antenna. You would point its main beam toward the dish, with the Yagi positioned around the dish’s focal point:

                    incoming 1420 MHz
                ------------------------>

                         \       /
                          \     /
                           \   /
                            \ /
                             V
                        PARABOLIC DISH
                      /               \
                     /                 \
                    /                   \
                   /                     \
                            ^
                            |
                         focus

                       [ YAGI ]
                     <=========
                         |
                         |
                        coax
                         |
                        LNA

The difficulty is illumination. A conventional long Yagi has a fairly narrow forward beam. A dish feed normally needs a much broader radiation pattern so that it illuminates most of the reflector:

GOOD DISH FEED

                 \    |    /
                  \   |   /
                   \  |  /
                    \ | /
                     \|/
                    FEED
                _____|_____
              /             \
             /     DISH      \
            /_________________\


LONG YAGI

                    ||
                   \||/
                    \/
                  narrow
                   beam

                _____|_____
              /             \
             /     DISH      \
            /_________________\

        Much of dish may be under-illuminated

So a short Yagi — perhaps 2 or 3 elements — can potentially make quite a reasonable experimental feed. A 13- or 17-element hydrogen-line Yagi, like the sort you’ve been using as a stand-alone 1420-MHz antenna, would generally have far too narrow a beam to illuminate a typical prime-focus dish efficiently.

There’s another complication: the Yagi’s phase centre needs to be positioned appropriately at the focus, and the metallic boom/elements and feedline can increase blockage and alter the pattern.

For your 1420-MHz dishes, I’d generally rank the approaches approximately:

1420 MHz PRIME-FOCUS DISH FEEDS

                Suitability

Cantenna/
waveguide       EXCELLENT        +++++

Choke-ring
cantenna        EXCELLENT        +++++

Dipole +
reflector       GOOD             ++++

2-element
Yagi            POSSIBLE         +++

3-element
Yagi            POSSIBLE         +++

Long Yagi
(13-17 el.)     POOR             +

The dish’s f/D ratio is crucial, because it determines the beamwidth you want from the feed.

By Admin

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