link equation
In telecommunications, the link equation (or link budget) is a fundamental calculation used to determine whether a wireless signal will be received intelligibly. It evaluates signal strength by accounting for all transmitter power, antenna gains, and signal losses along the transmission path.
The standard equation: [1]
\(P_{rx}=P_{tx}+G_{tx}-L_{tx}-L_{prop}+G_{rx}-L_{rx}\)
Where:
- \(P_{rx}\): Received Power (dBm)
- \(P_{tx}\): Transmitter Power (dBm)
- \(G_{tx}\) / \(G_{rx}\): Transmitter / Receiver Antenna Gain (dBi)
- \(L_{tx}\) / \(L_{rx}\): Transmitter / Receiver Cable or Hardware Losses (dB)
- \(L_{prop}\): Propagation Losses (such as Free Space Path Loss and environmental fading) (dB) [1, 2]