If your 1420 MHz rectangular waveguide feed has a probe with a bulbous, paddle-shaped, or capacitive end, that feature is usually intended to broaden the impedance match rather than dramatically…
https://www.ece.mcmaster.ca/faculty/nikolova/antenna_dload/current_lectures/L18_Horns.pdf
A perk of SARA membership that we can use the 20m Skynet dish. The angular size of the Andromeda Galaxy (M31) depends on how faint an outer region you include:…
For two identical horizontal scintillators of size 5 x 5 cm, the coincidence rate drops as detector spacing increases because the allowed angular acceptance narrows. A useful estimate is: tan(theta_max)…
Yes — there have been a few measurements and discussions of temperature effects in CosmicWatch-style scintillator/SiPM muon detectors, though not many formal dedicated studies. The main effect is usually not…
There are several major types of cloud chamber and related particle-track detectors. They all work by making charged particles visible as trails. 1. Diffusion cloud chamber This is the most…
A muon passing through the atmosphere is very likely to interact many times electromagnetically, but very unlikely to undergo a major nuclear interaction or be stopped outright. The key point…
Yes — muons are electrically charged particles. A muon is similar to an electron but much heavier (about 207 times the electron’s mass). There are two types: The elementary charge…
1. Basic physics Cosmic-ray muons at ground level: Approximate stopping power in lead: dE/dx ≈ 1.5 to 2 MeV g^-1 cm^2 Lead density: rho_Pb ≈ 11.34 g/cm^3 So energy loss…
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